======================================================================
  Microsoft(R) Product Support Services Application Note (Text File)
    WG0788: CUSTOMIZING WINDOWS(TM) FOR WORKGROUPS FOR INDIVIDUALS
                           WITH DISABILITIES
======================================================================
                                                  Revision Date:  5/94
                                                      No Disk Included

The following information applies to Microsoft Windows for Workgroups,
versions 3.1 and 3.11.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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          CUSTOMIZING WINDOWS FOR WORKGROUPS FOR INDIVIDUALS
          ==================================================
                           WITH DISABILITIES
                           =================

This Application Note provides information about the following
products and services available for computer users with special needs:

 - Support services for people who are deaf or hard-of-hearing

 - Access Pack for Microsoft Windows, a product that makes Windows
   more accessible for people with movement or hearing disabilities

 - Keyboard layouts designed for people who type with a single hand or
   wand

 - Microsoft Mouse driver version 9.0

 - Microsoft documentation on audio cassettes and floppy disks

 - Products available for individuals who are blind or have low vision

 - Help installing Windows for Workgroups

 - Customizing Windows for Workgroups without additional hardware or
   software

 - More information about products and services for people with
   disabilities

    NOTE: The information in this Application Note applies to Windows
    for Workgroups users in the United States only. If you are outside
    the United States, your Windows for Workgroups package contains a
    subsidiary information card listing product support telephone
    numbers and addresses. Contact your subsidiary to find out whether
    the types of products and services described in this Application
    Note are available in your area.
                                   
                                   
 MICROSOFT SUPPORT SERVICES FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE DEAF OR HARD-OF-HEARING
 =====================================================================

Through text telephone (TT/TDD) services, Microsoft provides people
who are deaf or hard-of-hearing with the same technical product
support and customer service as hearing customers.

For sales information and nontechnical customer service, you can
contact Microsoft Consumer Sales on a text telephone at (800) 892-5234
between 6:30 A.M. and 5:30 P.M. Pacific time. For technical
assistance, you can contact Microsoft Product Support Services (PSS)
on a text telephone at (206) 635-4948 between 6:00 A.M. and 6:00 P.M.
Pacific time. Microsoft support services are subject to Microsoft
prices, terms, and conditions in place at the time the service is
used.
                                   
                                   
                   ACCESS PACK FOR MICROSOFT WINDOWS
                   =================================

Microsoft distributes Access Pack for Microsoft Windows, which
provides people who have movement or hearing disabilities with better
access to computers running Windows or Windows for Workgroups. With
Access Pack for Microsoft Windows, you can configure your Windows
system to do the following:

 - Allow easier use of SHIFT, CTRL, and ALT key combinations for
   people who type with a single finger, a mouthstick, or a wand.

 - Ignore accidental key presses.

 - Adjust or disable the rate at which a character is repeated on the
   screen when you hold down a key.

 - Prevent extra characters if you unintentionally press a key more
   than once.

 - Allow you to use the keyboard to control the mouse cursor.

    NOTE: If you use this feature with Microsoft Paintbrush, your
    system stops responding (hangs). To work around this problem, use
    Paintbrush keyboard commands. For more information, run Paintbrush
    and press F1--each specific task help topic has information on the
    keyboard equivalent for the mouse action.

 - Allow you to use an alternate input device to control the
   computer's keyboard and mouse.

 - Provide a visual cue when a computer makes sounds.

 - Enable you to turn off these services for people who do not need
   them.

Access Pack for Microsoft Windows, which was developed by the Trace
R&D Center at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, is available on
the Microsoft Windows Driver Library in the file ACCP.EXE.

If you have a modem, you can download Windows Driver Library
components from network services, including CompuServe(R), GEnie(TM),
Microsoft Online, various user-group bulletin board services (BBSs)
(including BBSs on the Association of PC User Groups [APCUG] network),
and the Microsoft Download Service (MSDL). The MSDL is available seven
days a week from 2:30 A.M. to 1:00 A.M. at (206) 936-MSDL (936-6735).
The modem settings are:

   1200,n,8,1
   2400,n,8,1
   9600,n,8,1 (V.32, V.32bis, V.42, V.42bis)
   14,400,n,8,1 (V.32, V.32bis, V.42, V.42bis)

    NOTE: If you cannot connect at 14,400, lower the bits per second
    to 9600 and try again.

Customers who do not have a modem can obtain disks by calling PSS at
(206) 637-7098 (voice telephone) or (206) 635-4948 (text telephone).
                                   
                                   
           KEYBOARD LAYOUTS FOR SINGLE-HANDED COMPUTER USERS
           =================================================

Microsoft distributes software to modify your keyboard layout. These
keyboard layouts can be useful for people who have difficulty using
the standard QWERTY layout. You can use this software to change your
keyboard configuration without adjusting your physical keyboard.

Windows for Workgroups has built-in support for the two-handed Dvorak
keyboard layout, which may be useful for preventing or coping with
some types of repetitive motion injuries associated with typing. To
use this layout, choose the International icon in Control Panel. Two
additional layouts are designed for people who type with the left hand
only or with the right hand only. These layouts can also be useful for
people who type with a single finger or a wand.

The single-handed layouts are included with the PSS Application Note
GA0650, "Dvorak Keyboard Layouts." If you have a modem, you can
download GA0650 from the network services listed in the previous
section. The filename is GA0650.ZIP, except on MSDL, where this
Application Note is available in the self-extracting file GA0650.EXE.

Customers who do not have a modem can obtain GA0650 by calling
Microsoft Consumer Sales at (800) 426-9400 (voice telephone) or (800)
892-5234 (text telephone).
                                   
                                   
                  MICROSOFT MOUSE DRIVER VERSION 9.0
                  ==================================

If you have trouble seeing the mouse when you are moving it and you
are using the Microsoft Mouse or the Microsoft BallPoint(R) Mouse, you
can upgrade to version 9.0 of the Microsoft Mouse driver. The optional
utilities included with the 9.0 Microsoft Mouse driver offer the
following features:

 - Larger pointer sizes--You can choose a small, medium, or large
   pointer size.

 - Larger I-beam pointer--The I-beam pointer is larger than the
   regular I-beam.

 - Pointer growth--You can make the pointer increase to the large
   pointer size when you begin to move the mouse.

 - Cursor color choice--You can choose a white, black, or transparent
   mouse pointer.

 - Snap-To--You can configure the mouse pointer to jump to the default
   button when a dialog box opens.

 - Locate--You can make the mouse pointer jump to the middle of the
   screen when you press a specified control key and mouse button.

 - Sensitivity--You can independently adjust the vertical and
   horizontal sensitivity. This can be useful for people whose control
   or range differs for vertical and horizontal movement.

 - Orientation--You can customize the mouse orientation. This can be
   useful for people who need or want to hold the mouse at a
   particular angle.

    NOTE: Mouse driver version 9.0 and the optional utilities mentioned
    above are included with Microsoft Mouse version 2.0.

If you own a Microsoft Mouse, you can order the version 9.0 driver by
calling Microsoft Consumer Sales at (800) 426-9400 (voice telephone)
or (800) 892-5234 (text telephone). There is a charge for the version
9.0 driver.
                                   
                                   
           DOCUMENTATION ON AUDIO CASSETTES AND FLOPPY DISKS
           =================================================

People who cannot use printed documentation can obtain many of
Microsoft's publications from Recording for the Blind, Inc. (RFB). RFB
distributes these documents on audio cassettes and floppy disks to
registered members of its distribution service. RFB's collection
contains more than 80,000 titles, including Microsoft product
documentation and books from Microsoft Press. You can contact
Recording for the Blind at the following address and phone and fax
numbers:

   Recording for the Blind, Inc.
   20 Roszel Road
   Princeton, NJ  08540
   
   (800) 221-4792     Voice telephone
   (609) 987-8116     Fax
                                   
                                   
       PRODUCTS FOR INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE BLIND OR HAVE LOW VISION
       =========================================================

If you are blind or have low vision, many products are available to
help you use Windows. For persons with low vision, there are several
screen-enlargement utilities. For blind individuals, there are screen
readers that provide alternative output by synthesized voice or
refreshable Braille displays.

For more information on the products available, see the "Getting More
Information" section of this Application Note. For more information
about customizing Windows for Workgroups for individuals with low
vision, see the "Customizing Windows for Workgroups Without Additional
Hardware or Software" section below.
                                   
                                   
                HELP INSTALLING WINDOWS FOR WORKGROUPS
                ======================================

Individuals who rely on some types of accessibility software may have
difficulty installing Windows for Workgroups because the accessibility
software is not loaded during the graphical portion of Setup. If this
presents a problem, you can bypass the graphical portion of Setup by
using the /h switch. The /h switch allows you to specify a text file
that provides answers to all the questions that you would be prompted
for during the graphical portion of Setup. For example, if you create
a text file called MYSETUP.SHH, you would then run Setup with the
following command:

      a:\setup /h:c:\mysetup.shh

For more information on the format of the setup response file, see the
SETUP.SHH file provided on your Windows for Workgroups installation
disks.
                                   
                                   
              CUSTOMIZING WINDOWS FOR WORKGROUPS WITHOUT
              ==========================================
                    ADDITIONAL HARDWARE OR SOFTWARE
                    ===============================

There are many ways you can adjust the appearance and behavior of
Windows for Workgroups to suit varying eyesight and motor skills
without any additional software or hardware. For example, by changing
settings in your WIN.INI and SYSTEM.INI files, you can control screen
colors, font sizes, and mouse behavior. You can change these settings
in Control Panel or by directly modifying the files. The following
sections describe how to identify which settings to modify to achieve
the desired results and how to safely modify the WIN.INI, SYSTEM.INI,
and other Windows initialization files.


Modifying Initialization Files
==============================

Windows initialization files (.INIs) contain information about your
system environment. For example, the WIN.INI file contains settings
about your Windows environment, and the SYSTEM.INI file contains
settings that tell Windows about your system's hardware needs.
MSMAIL.INI and SCHEDPLUS.INI contain settings that control the
appearance of text and screen colors within the Mail and Schedule+
applications.

You can configure Windows and Windows-based applications to meet your
needs and preferences by modifying the information stored in these
files. For more information about WIN.INI and SYSTEM.INI, refer to the
WININI.WRI and SYSINI.WRI files located in your Windows directory. You
can print or view these files from Microsoft Windows Write.

   IMPORTANT: Errors made when editing initialization files can lead
   to undesirable results when you run Windows. Before changing any
   entry, make a backup copy of your original file. Also, some text
   editors can damage characters that have ANSI values greater than
   127. To avoid these problems, we recommend that you use Control
   Panel or Setup whenever possible to make changes. If you must edit
   the file, use a text editor such as Microsoft Windows Notepad,
   System Configuration Editor (SYSEDIT.EXE), or MS-DOS Editor.

To change .INI file entries with a text editor:

1. Create a backup copy of the .INI file you want to edit. For
   example, run File Manager and copy WIN.INI to WIN.BAK.

2. Open the .INI file with a text editor, such as Notepad.

3. Edit the specific entries and save the file.

4. Restart Windows so that the changes take effect.

The next five sections of this Application Note discuss the
initialization file entries you can change to achieve the specific
results you want. Many of the initialization file entries discussed
below are not present in the WIN.INI file by default but you can
easily add them with a text editor.

Changing Colors
---------------

 - If you have trouble differentiating the system colors, or if they
   cause eyestrain, you can adjust them in the Colors dialog box of
   Control Panel.

 - If you have trouble reading full-screen messages displayed by
   Windows in 386 enhanced mode, you can adjust the colors by using
   the MessageBackColor and MessageTextColor entries in the [386Enh]
   section of the SYSTEM.INI file. For example, the following entries
   generate bright yellow text on a black background in message
   screens (such as the screen that appears when you press
   CTRL+ALT+DEL):
   
         MessageTextColor=E
         MessageBackColor=0
   
   The following table defines the color values you can use for the
   MessageBackColor and MessageTextColor entries:

   0 - Black  4 - Red            8 - Gray           C - Bright red
   1 - Blue   5 - Magenta        9 - Bright blue    D - Bright magenta
   2 - Green  6 - Yellow/brown   A - Bright green   E - Bright yellow
   3 - Cyan   7 - White          B - Bright cyan    F - Bright white

 - If the desktop pattern or wallpaper causes eyestrain, you can
   adjust them in the Desktop dialog box of Control Panel.

 - If you have trouble differentiating the colors used by Windows
   Help, you can adjust them by using the IFJumpColor, IFPopupColor,
   JumpColor, MacroColor, and PopupColor entries in the [Windows Help]
   section of the WIN.INI file. The syntax for these entries is

      <entry>=red <value> green <value> blue <value>

   where the <value> is a number from 000 to 999, with 999 giving the
   highest intensity. You must include three digits for each value,
   and you must include each color value. You can experiment with this
   setting to create a color that works best for you. The following
   table lists some colors you can work with:

   Setting          Resulting color
--------------------------------------
                    
   000 000 999      Blue
   000 999 000      Green
   999 000 000      Red
   999 999 000      Yellow
   999 000 999      Magenta

   For more information on these entries, see the WININI.WRI file in
   your Windows directory.

Changing Fonts
--------------

 - If you have trouble reading the Windows for Workgroups system fonts
   (which are used to display window titles, menus, and dialog boxes),
   you can increase the font size using the FIXEDFON.FON, FONTS.FON,
   and OEMFONTS.FON entries in the [boot] section of the SYSTEM.INI
   file. However, you should replace the default fonts only with other
   system font files supplied with Windows for Workgroups. These fonts
   include 8514FIX.FON, 8514SYS.FON, and 8514OEM.FON.

   For example, if you are using a VGA video driver, your .FON files
   are probably set as follows:

      fixedfon.fon=vgafix.fon
      fonts.fon=vgasys.fon
      oemfonts.fon=vgaoem.fon
   
   To increase the size of the system font, expand 8514FIX.FON,
   8514SYS.FON, and 8514OEM.FON from the original Windows for
   Workgroups disks to your Windows program directory (usually
   C:\WINDOWS). For example, type the following command at the MS-DOS
   command prompt, and then press ENTER:
   
      expand a:\8514fix.fo_ c:\windows\system\8514fix.fon
   
   Then, edit the [boot] section of your SYSTEM.INI file to read:

      fixedfon.fon=8514FIX.FON
      fonts.fon=8514SYS.FON
      oemfonts.fon=8514OEM.FON

   WARNING: Do not use font files other than the system .FON fonts
   supplied with Windows for Workgroups. For example, you cannot use
   TrueType(R) (.TTF) fonts.

 - If you have trouble reading the titles of icons, you can adjust the
   appearance of these titles with the IconTitleFaceName and
   IconTitleSize entries in the [desktop] section of the WIN.INI file.
   For example:

      [desktop]
      IconTitleFaceName=Arial
      IconTitleSize=12

 - If you have trouble reading small fonts used by some applications
   and do not want to install a screen enlarger utility, you can
   restrict the fonts available to Windows-based applications by
   removing the fonts you do not want in the Fonts dialog box of
   Control Panel. You do not need to actually delete the font files.
   If you remove all the fonts, only the system fonts remain available
   to applications.

     NOTE: You may also need to adjust the icon spacing in the Desktop
     dialog box of Control Panel and choose Arrange Icons from the
     Window menu in Program Manager to make all your icon titles
     visible.

 - If you have trouble reading the file and directory names in File
   Manager, you can adjust the font settings by choosing Font from the
   Options menu.

 - If you have trouble locating the text-selection cursor (also known
   as the caret or insertion bar) in your applications, you can adjust
   the rate at which it flashes. To do this, choose the Desktop icon
   in Control Panel.

Changing Schedule+ and Mail Settings
------------------------------------

 - If you have trouble reading the text in Schedule+, you can adjust
   the fonts and colors by choosing Display from the Options menu.

 - If you have trouble reading the text in Microsoft Mail, you can
   adjust the fonts using the FixedFont, NormalFont, and PrintFont
   entries in the [Microsoft Mail] section of the MSMAIL.INI file,
   which is located in your Windows for Workgroups directory. Each
   entry has four parts separated by commas: the font name, point
   size, a flag for bold, and a flag for italic. To switch between the
   normal font and the fixed font, choose Change Font from the View
   menu. Each entry is described separately in the following
   paragraphs.
  
 - FixedFont=<facename>, <size>, 0|1, 0|1

      The above entry identifies a fixed-pitch font you can substitute
      for the one supplied with Microsoft Mail. This font serves as an
      alternative to the Microsoft Mail default (Helvetica 10 point).
      This entry affects only the message body text, not the message
      envelope text or folder lists. In Windows for Workgroups Mail,
      the default is Courier New, 9, 0, 0 (Courier New, 9-point, not
      bold, not italic).

 - NormalFont=<facename>, <size>, 0|1, 0|1

      The above entry identifies the proportionally spaced default
      font used to display Mail messages. This entry affects only the
      message body text, not the message envelope text or folder
      lists. The default value is Helv, 10, 0, 0.

 - PrintFont=<facename>, <size>, 0|1, 0|1

      The above entry identifies the default proportionally spaced
      font used to print Mail messages. The default value is Helv, 10,
      0, 0.

Changing Mouse Behavior
-----------------------

 - If you have difficulty controlling the Microsoft Mouse, you can
   adjust its speed in the Mouse dialog box of Control Panel.

 - If you have trouble seeing the mouse when you are moving it, you
   can try using the Mouse Trails feature in the Mouse dialog box of
   Control Panel. If your third-party video driver does not support
   the Mouse Trails option, contact your video card vendor for more
   information.

 - If you have trouble double-clicking the mouse, you can adjust the
   sensitivity using the Double-Click Speed setting in the Mouse
   dialog box of Control Panel. You can further adjust the double-
   click functionality by adding the DoubleClickHeight and
   DoubleClickWidth entries to the [Windows] section of the WIN.INI
   file. For example, if you add the following entries to your WIN.INI
   file and restart your computer, you no longer have to hold the
   mouse in exactly the same location when you double-click:

      DoubleClickHeight=30
      DoubleClickWidth=30

 - If you have trouble positioning the mouse on window frames so that
   you can adjust the size of the windows, you can increase the window
   border width setting in the Desktop dialog box of Control Panel.

Changing Keyboard Behavior
--------------------------

 - If you have trouble using the keyboard because of the speed at
   which it repeats or the delay time before it begins repeating, you
   can adjust these settings in the Keyboard dialog box of Control
   Panel. (You can adjust keyboard settings even further using Access
   Pack for Microsoft Windows, which is described later on in this
   Application Note.)

   If you cannot use Control Panel to adjust the keyboard, you can
   adjust the corresponding KeyboardDelay and KeyboardSpeed entries in
   the [Windows] section of the WIN.INI file. KeyboardDelay
   establishes how much time elapses after you hold down a key before
   the key starts to repeat (the default is 2 milliseconds).
   KeyboardSpeed establishes how much time elapses between repetitions
   of a character on the display when you hold down a keyboard key
   (the default is 31 milliseconds).

 - You can use Windows Recorder to automate common tasks. For more
   information about using Recorder, run Recorder and choose Contents
   from the Help menu to open Recorder Help.

 - You can use two methods to reduce the number of keystrokes required
   to switch between applications. You can use Task List to display a
   list of all applications currently running, or you can assign a
   shortcut key to each application. Task List can be invoked by
   pressing CTRL+ESC, or by choosing Switch To from any application's
   Control menu. Application shortcut keys can be assigned by creating
   an icon for the application in Program Manager and using the
   Properties command on the File menu. For more information on Task
   List and shortcut keys, see the "Microsoft Windows for Workgroups
   User's Guide."
                                   
                                   
                       GETTING MORE INFORMATION
                       ========================


Information from Microsoft
==========================

For more information on Microsoft products and services for people
with disabilities, contact Microsoft Consumer Sales at one of the
following numbers:

   (800) 426-9400       Voice telephone
   (800) 892-5234       Text telephone


Third-Party Product Information
================================

The Trace R&D Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison produces a
book and a compact disc (CD) that describe products that help people
with disabilities use computers. The book is titled "ResourceBook" and
contains nearly 500 pages of descriptions and photographs of
approximately 2,000 aids. The CD provides a database of more than
12,000 products and other information for people with disabilities. It
is issued twice a year and is also available in many public libraries.
You can contact the Trace R&D Center at the following address and
phone and fax numbers:

   Trace R&D Center
   S-151 Waisman Center
   1500 Highland Avenue
   Madison, WI  53705-2280
   
   (608) 263-2309     Voice telephone
   (608) 263-5408     Text telephone
   (608) 262-8848     Fax


Assistive Technology Programs
=============================

For general information and recommendations about how computers can
help specific individuals, customers should consult a trained
evaluator who can best match the individual's needs with the available
solutions. An assistive technology program in your area can provide
referrals to programs and services available to you. To locate the
assistive technology program nearest you, contact the Center for
Developmental Disabilities at the following address and phone and fax
numbers:

   National Information System
   Center for Developmental Disabilities
   University of South Carolina
   Benson Building
   Columbia, SC  29208
   
   (800) 922-9234,   Voice or text telephone, outside South Carolina
    extension 301
   (800) 922-1107    Voice or text telephone, in South Carolina
   (803) 777-6222    Voice or text telephone, outside the United States
   (803) 777-6058    Fax